Rule-11 To- এরপরে Verb- এর present form হয়।যেমন:
(a) She went to New Market
to (buy)—a dress. Ans:- She went to New
Market to buy a dress.
(b) We have come here to
(see)—his ailing mother. Ans:- We have
come here to see his ailing mother.
(c) The man said to the porter to (carry)—the
load. Ans:- The man said to the porter
to carry the load.
Try yourself:
(d) You need to (go)—there.
(e) We have to (realise)—the
importance of English.
Rule-12 ‘Since’ বা ‘for’ এরপরে সময় উল্লেখ থাকলে senteneটি present perfect Continuous
Tense হবে।যেমন:
(a) It (rain)—for two
hours. Ans:- It has been raining for two
hours.
(b) It (rain)—since the
morning. Ans:- It has been raining since
the morning.
(c) We (live)—in Dhaka since
1986. Ans:- We have been living in Dhaka
since 1986.
Try yourself:
(d) They (live)—Dhaka for 20
years.
(e) She (wait)—you for two
hours.
Rule-21 If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]
(a) If you walk slowly, you
(miss)—the train. Ans:- If you walk
slowly, you will miss the train.
(b) If he works hard, he
(shine)—in life. Ans:- If he works hard,
he will shine in life.
(c) If you run in the rain,
you (catch)—cold. Ans:- If you run in
the rain, you will catch cold. Try yourself:
(d) I will not go out, if it (rain)—.
(e) If he (come)—here, I
will go there with him.
Rule-13
with a view to/look forward to এরপরে Verb এরসহিত ing যোগ হয়।
(a) I went there with a view
to (read)—there. Ans:- I went there with
a view to reading there.
(b) I am looking forward to (get)—your
reply. Ans:- I am looking forward to
getting your reply.
(c) I looked forward to (stand)—first in the
class. Ans:- I looked forward to
standing first in the class.
Try yourself:
(d) They become addicted to
(take)—drugs.
(e) We went to Cox’s Bazar
with a view to (see)—the sea shore.
Rule-14 By-এরপরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়।যেমন:
(a) He expressed his grief
by (say)—that the thief had stolen his watch.
Ans:- He expressed his grief by saying that the thief had stolen his
watch.
(b) Answer the questions by
(write)—one point of information. Ans:-
Answer the questions by writing one point of information.
(c) By (dig)—a deeper hole,
Jerry planted a tree. Ans:- By digging a
deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
Try yourself:
(d) No student can pass the
examination by (adopt)— unfairmeans in the examination.
(e) By (be)—conscious of a
language one can develop his ‘explicit’ learning.
Rule-15
in/of/for/with/without/before/after প্রভৃতি Peposition- এরপরে Verb এরসহিত ing যোগ হয়।যেমন:
(a) I don’t believe in
(overload)—my stomach. Ans:- I don’t
believe in overloading my stomach.
(b) I had never thought of (go)—there. Ans:- I had never thought of going there.
(c) I could not live without (help)—the
poor. Ans:- I could not live without
helping the poor.
Try yourself:
(d) After (do)—the work I
will go out.
(e) The porter came here for (do)—the work.
Rule-16
Mind, would you mind, worth, past, can not help, could not help - এরপরে Verb এরসহিত ing যোগ হয়।যেমন:
(a) Would you mind (give)—me
a pen ? Ans:- Would you mind giving me a pen ?
(b) I can not help (do)—the
work. Ans:- I can not help doing the
work.
(c) He could not help
(help)—the poor. Ans:- He could not help
helping the poor.
Try yourself:
(d) She never mind
(have)—ice cream.
(e) He could not help (sell)—his land.
Rule-17 Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এরপরে could বসে এবং Verb এর Present form হয়।
(a) Would that I (go)—to the
moon. Ans:- Would that I could go to the
moon.
(b) Would that I (be)—a poet
like Nazrul. Ans:- Would that I could be
a poet like Nazrul. (c) Would that I (enter)—into the class-room. Ans:- Would that I could enter into the class-room
Try yourself:
(d) Would that I (buy)—a latest car.
(e) Would that I (see)—our
great Prophet (SM).
Rule-18 Sentence এ ‘to be’/having/got থাকলে মূল
Verb এর Past participle হয়।
(a) The thief ran away
having (see)—the policeman. Ans:- The
thief ran away having seen the policeman.
(b) The Principal desired
the notice to be (hang)—. Ans:- The
Principal desired the notice to be hung.
(c) The work is to be (do)—immediately. Ans:- The work is to be done immediately.
Try yourself:
(d) I got the letter (write)—by him.
(e) Having (do)—his duty he
went out.
Rule-19 ব্রাকেটে
(be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/Was/were/been হবে
(a) Allah (be)—everywhere. Ans:- Allah is
everywhere.
(b) It (be)—twenty years ago. Ans:- It was twenty years ago.
(c) One of my friends (be)—a
good student. Ans:- One of my friends
is/was a good student.
Try yourself:
(d) The tickets of the journey (be)—very
costly.
(e) The people of this village (be)—very poor.
Rule-20 বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝলে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।
(a) Now the students
(sing)—the national anthem. Ans:- Now
the students are singing the national anthem.
(b) The boys (watch)—the
television now. Ans:- The boys are
watching the television now.
(c) They (enjoy)—a song
now. Ans:- They are enjoying a song now.
Try yourself:
(d) They (watch)—TV at this
moment.
(e) The farmer
(cultivate)—his land now.
Rule-21 If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]
(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
Ans:- If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
(b) If he works hard, he
(shine)—in life. Ans:- If he works hard,
he will shine in life.
(c) If you run in the rain,
you (catch)—cold. Ans:- If you run in
the rain, you will catch cold.
Try yourself:
(d) I will not go out, if it
(rain)—.
(e) If he (come)—here, I
will go there with him.
Rule-22 lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে অপর clause-এর Subject-এরপরে would/could/might বসে এবং Verb -এর Present Form বসে।যেমন:
(a) If he requested me, I
(go)— there. Ans:- If he requested me, I
would go there.
(b) If I were a rich man, I
(help)—the poor. Ans:- If I were a rich
man, I would help the poor.
(c) If I were the President,
I (remove)—the terrorism. Ans:- If I
were the President, I would remove the terrorism.
Try yourself:
(d) Had I much money, I (establish)—a college.
(e) Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly)—like a
bird.
Rule-23 Sentence-এ lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past perfect Tense হলে অপর অংশটিতে Subject-এরপরে অর্থভেদে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়। (a) If he had invited, I (go)—. Ans:- If he had invited, I would have gone.
(b) If I had been a rich
man, I (help)—the poor. Ans:- If I had
been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.
(c) I would have helped him, if he
(want)—. Ans:- I would have helped him,
if he had wanted.
Try yourself:
(d) We would have come, if
he (invite)—.
(e) If you had stated earlier,
you (catch)—the bus.
Rule-24
Sentence-এ wish, fancy, it is time, it is high
time ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb এর Past Tense হয় এবং (be) থাকলেই were হয়।যেমন:
(a) I wish I (win)—the first
prize in the lottery. Ans:- I wish I won
the first prize in the lottery.
(b) I fancy I (fly)—among the stars. Ans:- I fancy I flew among the stars.
(c) It is time you
(change)—your bad habit. Ans:- It is
time you changed your bad habit. Try yourself:
(d) I wish I (be)—a rich man.
(e) It is time we (earn)—our livelihood.
Rule-25 Sentence-এ যদি as if, as though ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীস্থ (be) এরস্থলে were বসে।যেমন:
(a) He speaks as if he
(be)—the owner of the farm. Ans:- He
speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.
(b) The man speaks as though he (be)—a
leader. Ans:- The man speaks as though
he were a leader.
(c) The man speaks as if he (be)—a
landlord. Ans:- The man speaks as if he
were a landlord.
Try yourself:
(d) The man speaks as though
he (be)—a rich man.
(e) He speaks as if he
(be)—the President of Bangladesh.
Rule-26 Sentence- each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a,
everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something,
someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে
verb-এর Singular Number হয়।যেমন:
(a) Every mother (love)—her
child. Ans:- Every mother loves her
child.
(b) One of the students
(be)—very brilliant. Ans:- One of the
students is/was very brilliant.
(c) Each of the boys
(be)—present yesterday. Ans:- Each of
the boys was present yesterday.
Try yourself:
(d) Many a boy (ruin)—his career through
laziness.
(e) Neither of the two boys
(be)—present today.
Rule-27 While-এর ঠিক পরই ব্রাকেটের মধ্যেযে Verb থাকে তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়।কিন্তু While-এরপরে Subject থাকলে While-এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়।
(a) While (walk)—in the
garden, a snake bit him. Ans:- While
walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
(b) While he (walk)—in the
garden, a snake bit him. Ans:- While he
was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
(c) While it (rain)—, I was
going to college. Ans:- While it was
raining, I was going to college.
Try yourself:
(d) While (sleep)—in his room, he dreamt a
nice dream.
(e) My uncle arrived while
she (cook)—the dinner.
Rule-28 একই দৈর্ঘ্য. পরিমাণ অবাস্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb এর Singular Number হয়।
(a) Previously fifty miles
(be)—a long way. Ans:- Previously fifty
miles was a long way. (b) Twenty miles (be)—not a great distance now a
days. Ans:- Twenty miles is not a great
distance now a days.
(c) Sixty cents (be)—was
enough for him. Ans:- Sixty cents is/was
was enough for him. Try yourself:
(d) Twenty dollars (be)—not sufficient in
line.
(e) Fifty cents (be)—enough
at that time.
Rule-29 Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next
year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে Subject-পরে would/should বসে এবং Verb –এর Present Form হয়।
(a) He said that he (go)........ home the next
day. Ans:- He said that he would go home
the next day.
(b) He told that he (come)
........here the next year. Ans:- He told that he would come here the next
year.
(c) He said that he
(buy)...... a new TV the next day. Ans:-
He said that he would buy a new TV the next day.
Try yourself:
(d) She said that she (sell)
....... her land the next month.
(e) The man said that he
(go) ........to London the next day.
Rule-30
After এরপরে এবং before এর পূর্বের
clause টি past perfect tense হয়এবং অন্য clause টি past indefinite tense হয়।
(a) The doctor (come)__before the patient
came. Ans:- The doctor had come before
the patient came.
(b) The doctor came after
the patient (die)__. Ans:- The doctor
came after the patient had died.
(c) The train left ......
they had reached the station. Ans:- The
train left after they had reached the station.
Try yourself:
(d) The patient had died ...... the doctor
came.
(e) The train (start) .....before they reached
there.
Rule-31 Sentence টি Passive voice হলে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle বসাতে হবে এবং gap-এরপরে Subject থাকলে by বসাতে হবে।
(a) English (speak)_all over
the world. Ans:- English is spoken all
over the world.
(b) English (speak)_ the
English. Ans:- English is spoken by the
English.
(c) He has (expel)__from the
examination hall. Ans:- He has been
expelled from the examination hall.
Try yourself:
(d) The boys (send)__ to school yesterday.
(e) The bird (kill)__on the
ship last week. (f) Cricket (play)__all over the world.
Rule-32 কিছু ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া Principal Clause-এর Verb যদি Past Tense এর হয় তবে Subordinate Clause-এর Verb-ও Past Tense-এহবে
এবং একটি Present হলে অপরটি Present হবে।
(a) The man was so ill that
he (will) ........... not be able to attend the meeting. Ans:- The man was so ill that he would not be
able to attend the meeting.
(b) I knew that he (will not
come) ............. to me for his personal purpose. Ans:- I knew that he would not come to me for
his personal purpose.
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